專利權人類型與專利移轉之實證分析：以Ocean Tomo為例;The empirical study on types of patentees and patent transfer: The case of Ocean Tomo

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Title:	專利權人類型與專利移轉之實證分析：以Ocean Tomo為例;The empirical study on types of patentees and patent transfer: The case of Ocean Tomo
Authors:	鍾佳樺;Chung,Chia-hua
Contributors:	產業經濟研究所
Keywords:	Heckman two-step selection model;專利權人-NPEs;專利價值;專利拍賣;patentee-NPEs;patent value;patent auction;Heckman two-step selection model
Date:	2012-07-18
Issue Date:	2012-09-11 19:08:49 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學
Abstract:	不同專利權人類型對於專利維護及專利移轉決策會產生不同影響，專利權人會依照其主觀衡量該專利之價值進行決策，若其認為維護專利所帶來之財務價值大於其所需付出之成本時，則可能會選擇維護。文獻顯示個體及小型創新者專利權人傾向移轉專利，而專利授權公司(NPEs)則傾向專利授權及訴訟，因此專利權人之不同對於專利運用之方式就有所不同。本研究主要是探討不同專利權人對於專利移轉之影響，為了獲得專利之實際價格，故以Ocean Tomo於2006年至2008年共7場的專利現場拍賣為樣本，但僅以美國專利組合為主體，並參考PatentFreedom、Webpat、USPTO以及Delphion專利資料庫以補原始資料之不足。本研究以Heckman two-step selection model為研究方法，經實證探討專利特性變數與專利拍賣變數對專利成交與否及專利加權價格之影響。於專利特性變數方面，專利年齡、專利前引用數、申請專利範圍、專利技術覆蓋範圍方面皆與過去文獻結果一致；專利權人方面，本研究特別探討專利授權公司(NPEs)，發現其於專利成交方面及專利價格方面皆顯著正向，故認為此種專利權人具有某種程度之價值訊息。另外，於專利維護日至專利拍賣日之連續時間方面，實證發現其若連續時間小於一年，則其較具有專利價值。於專利拍賣特性變數方面，若前一專利組合拍賣物成交，則可能會因為氣氛熱絡導致下一拍賣物較易成交且成交價也高。另外，若賣方採取起標價拍賣模式，也較易成交。最後，透過兩大區域及拍賣時間分別探討，發現美國專利於美國或歐洲拍賣其成交與否和成交價也存在顯著之不同。而於專利拍賣時間變數方面，則可發現隨著累積拍賣場次增加，其對成交與否以及成交價皆有正向之影響。Different types of patentees will have different effect on patent renewal decisions and patent transfer decisions. Patentees will in accordance with patent value measured by them to make decisions. If financial value of the patent is greater than renewal cost, then they may choose to renew the patent. Previous Literature shows that individuals and small innovator patentees tend to be more willing to transfer theirs patents, and Non-Practicing Entities (NPEs) tend to licensing and litigation, so different types of patentees use theirs patents in different ways. This study is aimed to examine the influence of different patentees on patent transfer. In order to obtain the patent transaction price, we use the auction data from the seven Live Auctions of Ocean Tomo in 2006 -2008, but only with US patent portfolios. Our data sources also include PatentFreedom, Webpat, USPTO, and Delphion patent search database. In this study, we use Heckman two-step selection model to explore the effect of different patentees on weighted transaction price of patent transfer. In terms of patent characteristics variables, we find that the effects of patent elapsed time, forward citations, patent claim and scope are consistent with the results of the related literature. As for the patentee, our study emphasizes Non-Practicing Entities (NPEs), and we find that it has significantly positive effect on the probability of patent transfer and patent price. This implies that such a patentee has some degree of value signal. In addition, the patent is more valuable if patent renewal is within one year. Also, it is easier to transfer the next patent portfolio with high price if the last auction ends up with a sale. It is also easier to transfer the patent if patentees take the opening bid as auction mode. Finally, patent auctions in the United States or Europe are significantly different in patent transfer probability and the patent price. So does the patent auction time variables.
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute of Industrial Economics] Electronic Thesis & Dissertation

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