| 摘要: | 過去專利的交易通常是專利所有人與專利購買人在私下進行的，缺乏完善的交易機制，不過近年來興起了一種新的專利銷售方式，即現場專利拍賣。因此本研究嘗試以Heckman sample selection model，去探討專利特性變數與拍賣變數，對現場專利拍賣的成交機率與可信度(成交價/預期價值)的影響。其中拍賣資料來自於Ocean Tomo, LLC所舉行的7場Live IP Auction，而專利資訊則來自於Delphion專利全文資料庫。 其實證結果顯示出，在專利特性變數方面，專利被引證、專利技術範圍、專利的年齡等，和過去探討專利價值的文獻呈現一致的看法。此外專利若為複數發明者所研發，也會有較高的成交機率與可信度。再者，申請專利範圍中的獨立項增加會提升成交機率與可信度；但是附屬項卻對沒什麼影響，甚至可能會降低成交機率。其次，專利家族中含有EPO的專利，將會有較高的可信度，但是有日本的專利，卻會降低可信度。最後，本研究得出了專利引證會降低可信度的結果，和過去文獻有相異的看法。而在拍賣變數方面，專利組合中的專利數越多，成交機率和可信度也越低。而當專利組合成功賣出，會顯著提高下一個專利組合的成交機率。In the past, the transaction of patent is mostly proceed privately between the patent owner and the patent purchaser; hence the trading mechanism was somehow imperfect. However, a new way of patent sales has risen recent years, which is called live patent auction. In this research we try to use the Heckman sample selection model to discover the influence on patent characteristic variable and auction variable to reliability (selling price/ expected value) and probability of sale in live patent auctions. The auction data are from seven Live IP Auction of Ocean Tomo, LLC, and the patent information is from Delphion Patent Search Forms. The research has showed that in the patent characteristic variable, such as forward citation, patent scope and patent age; share the same idea with the early literature of patent value. In addition, if the patent was developed by multiple inventors, it has higher reliability and probability of sale. Moreover, the increase of independent claim will rise the reliability and probability of sale, however, it doesn’t show a lot of effect on dependent claim, and it may even decrease the probability of sale. Furthermore, the patent family with patent of EPO has higher reliability, while the patent of Japan has the lower reliability. Finally, the research has concluded a different idea from the past literature, which shows the backward citation, will decrease the reliability. As to the auction variable, while there are more numbers of patents in the lot, the reliability and the probability of sale is getting lower. And when the lot has successfully sold, it will rise the probability of sale of the next lot significantly. |
