國家創新系統理論之應用─以芬蘭為例; The Application of National Innovation System-The Case of Finland

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题名:	國家創新系統理論之應用─以芬蘭為例;The Application of National Innovation System-The Case of Finland
作者:	藍泰蕙;Tai-hui Lan
贡献者:	產業經濟研究所
关键词:	產業群聚;創新系統;cluster;Innovation system
日期:	2009-06-30
上传时间:	2009-09-22 15:13:17 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學圖書館
摘要:	隨著知識經濟時代的來臨，加速了訊息傳播的速度，而知識及技術創新的速度也較過去迅速，如何經由創新的過程將知識轉化成實質利益，以及如何透過產業群聚來提升其競爭力的各項議題亦引發各界討論。然而若僅是將等各項因子聚集成一個產業聚落，並不能保證一定能帶來成功的發展。因此，PORTER（1990《國家競爭優勢》）點出了聚落的發展不但會受到環境、文化等先天因素影響，國家（政府）亦為決定性的關鍵因素之一。成功的產業聚落背後必定有其成功的因素，因此本研究試圖探討聚落中各組織如何互動以創造良好的創新環境，進而提升當地的創新表現。根據Lundvall及Edquist的研究指出，聚落中的組織及制度是創新聚落的核心，其對於創新的績效及能力具有關鍵性的影響。因此本文以國家創新系統的方法來觀察歐洲表現亮眼的芬蘭。在回顧分析該國的產業發展歷史之後，從聚落中組織及制度的角度切入，本研究發現其創新能量如此之高的關鍵並非擁有特定的組織機構或是制度，而是在於聚落內各組織之間經由互動學習的過程去產生、散佈和應用新的知識，進而激發出創新的火花；換言之，如何設立提高合作誘因的機制使知識得以散佈並廣泛被使用，進而促使產、官、學&研之間產生頻繁的互動以及合作，這才是其成功主因。 Along with the era of knowledge economy, it has not only accelerated the speed of information dissemination, but also accelerated the speed of knowledge and technological innovation. Issues about how to transfer knowledge into tangible benefits through innovation process and increase its competitiveness through industry cluster have been discussed widely. However, it can’t guarantee a successful development if only gathering all kinds of factors into an industry cluster. Therefore, Michael PORTER (1990) has pointed that the development of a cluster will not only be influenced by environmental, cultural, and other congenital factors; the government is also one of the key factors. There must be some elements behind a success industry cluster. So in this study, it attempts to explore how actors interact with each other to create a good innovation environment, then to enhance the performance of local innovation. According to Lundvall and Edquist's studies, they indicated that organizations and institutions are the cores if innovation clusters; they have key influences on innovation performance and ability. Hence in this study it adopted the national innovation system approach to observe Finland. After reviewing the history of Finland, in this study it found that the key of such a high level of creative energy is not due to have a particular organization or system, it’s because each organizations produce, spread and apply new knowledge through interactive learning process, and stimulate innovation sparks at the same time. In other words, the main reason of its success is to set up an incentive mechanism to improve co-operation to spread the knowledge and make it be used widely, then to stimulate the interaction and cooperation between each organizations.
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