本文探討具有損耗性的商品在單一批發商對多個零售商的配銷通路之中，決策制定協調對其利潤之影響。我們設定在單一批發商及多個零售商的結構下，當零售端面對價格及存貨水準相依的需求環境時，研究四種不同的配銷通路策略，分別為單店個別補貨策略、多店協同補貨策略、多店VMI協同補貨策略和多店VMI協同補貨加寄售策略。 探討在四個策略中，配銷通路成員會採取不同的補貨週期及零售價決策來最大化利潤，在單店個別補貨策略，零售商制定對自己最佳的補貨週期及零售價；在多店協同補貨策略，零售端會提出共同補貨週期及協調零售價，使零售端利潤最大化；在多店VMI協同補貨策略，由於批發商代為管理存貨，以通路單位時間利潤最大化訂定補貨週期，零售端再依此補貨週期訂定共同零售價；在多店VMI協同補貨加寄售策略，批發商同時決定補貨週期及零售價格，對通路單位時間利潤最大化，訂定補貨週期及零售價格。 本文的目的分析當配銷系統採用上述不同策略且產品具有損耗性特質時，決策制定之協調、供應商管理存貨所產生的價值，並且檢視配銷系統中因決策制定協調產生之價值是如何分配在成員之間，我們利用數值分析來輔助了解可能的情形為何，並透過敏感度分析來了解在參數變動下，對各整合策略通路單位時間利潤的影響。 This study is to discuss the impact of vender managed inventory and decision-making coordination for perishable items in a distribution system consisting of multiple retailers and upstream wholesaler . We consisting of four varying-level strategies for integrating a distribution system—including “single retailer coordinated replenishment and pricing”, “multiple retailers coordinated replenishment and pricing”, and “vendor managed inventory ” ,” vendor managed inventory with coordinated pricing”. Depending on the four strategies, members of a distribution system tend to adopt different replenishment model to maximize their profit. We assume that the downstream retailers face a continuous time-varying and price- varying demand and generate his own optimal replenishment interval to trigger the upstream wholesaler replenishment under decentralized decision making. On the other hand, we develop a system coordination replenishment model with the objective of maximizing whole system profit to generate the common replenishment interval under centralized decision making. Our objective is to quantify and analyze value generated from a system of vendor managed inventory and decision coordination for perishable items in a whole distribution system according to aforementioned four different strategies, and then, to observe how the value is distributed among members of the system. In the study, data simulation analysis is used to investigate all possible situations, and sensitivity analysis to find out effects of variable parameters on each strategy.
