本論文探討的是具市場獨佔性質的零售商如何在固定期限內銷售易腐性商品的訂購和價格決定的聯合決策問題。在第一階段代表中的是新到或是新鮮的產品而在第二階段裡代表是產品機能老化但仍具有銷售價值的商品，而這類情形便形成了兩階段報童模式問題。針對產品的需求會發生隨著該產品機能的退化或老化而有所變動的情形，零售商被允野h進行調整產品機能退化或老化的商品價格的行為，以去刺激需求和減少期末庫存量。本論文發展出一個隨機的動態訂價模式去解決在期初所需做的訂價訂購決策和在期中所需做的降價行動問題。我們同時亦發展出一個固定訂價的機制當作基礎與動態訂價做比較，此外為了呈現出動態訂價和固定訂價的異同我們進行了很深入的數值分析比較 This paper deals with the joint decisions on pricing and ordering for a monopolistic retailer who sells perishable goods with a fixed lifetime or demand period. The newsvendor-typed problem is formulated as a two-stage inventory system where the first stage represents the inventory of fresh or new-arrival items and the second stage represents the inventory of items that are older but still usable. Demand may be for either fresh items or for somewhat older items that exhibit physical decay or deterioration. The retailer is allowed to adjust the selling price of the deteriorated items, which stimulates demand and reduces excess season-end or stale inventory. This paper develops a stochastic dynamic programming model that solves the problem of preseason decisions on ordering-pricing and a within-season decision on markdown pricing. We also develop a fixed-price model as a benchmark against the dual-price dynamic model. To illustrate the effect of the dual-price policy on expected profit, we conduct an in-depth comparative study between the two models.
