隨著網際網路及資訊科技的興起，企業的全球化經營已經成為一個無法抵擋的趨勢，緊接著伴隨而來的是更複雜及頻繁的企業間互動關係。為了能有效地整合企業內及企業間資源頻繁的傳遞活動與快速的資訊交換，供應鏈管理（Supply Chain Management, SCM）的概念愈來愈被大眾所重視。 供應鏈管理所涵蓋的範疇相當地廣泛，許多相關文獻探討有關供應鏈之整合與協調，但是這些研究大都只考慮時間、成本等少數變數。實際上，在執行供應鏈管理的過程中，對於不確定因素的控制是決定供應鏈管理成功與否的關鍵因素。在現今變動快速且競爭激烈的產業環境中，能夠降低不確定因素的影響才能降低風險，進而獲得或維持企業競爭的優勢。 本研究藉由探討供應鏈環境中各種可能存在的不確定因素，希望能夠針對供應鏈提出一個可靠度績效管理的方法。首先，我們使用物件導向的分析法清楚定義在供應鏈中存在的物件及其相關屬性；接著利用在可靠度工程理論中廣被使用的Fault Tree Analysis 及Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) 等方法探索潛在的不確定因素及其因果關係；最後使用圖形化模擬工具High Level Petri Nets模擬在整個供應鏈的環境下各個公司所能達成的可靠度以及達成整體供應鏈最佳可靠度之組合。 With the emergence of Internet and information technology, enterprise globalization has become an unstoppable trend. As a result, more and more frequent, complicated interactions and communications among companies are needed to achieve the global integration. In order to effectively integrate the resources and information shared within a company and among companies, supply chain management (SCM) has become a critical issue that most enterprises concern about. The scope of supply chain management is quite broad. In the past, numerous researches deal with coordination of the supply chain, but most of them only concentrate their attention on a few variables, such as time and cost. To succeed in implementing supply chain management, there are many critical success factors. Managing the impact of uncertainty in implementing the supply chain management is one of them, since uncertainty will directly or indirectly influence the performance of business operations and will cause tangible or intangible damages. In the era of rapid change and sheer competition, eliminating the impact of uncertainty will help enterprises to reduce the risk and gain/sustain their competitive advantages. SCRM proposed by this research is an approach considering those uncertainties that may influence the performance of the supply chain. To construct this mechanism of SCRM, we use Object-Oriented Technology to identify the objects of the supply chain, and clarify their attributes clearly. And then we employ Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) that are mature methods cited from Reliability Engineering to provide the causal relationship and the degree of reliability. Finally, we use High Level Petri Nets that is a graphical and mathematical modeling method to simulate the scenario under the macro supply chain environment. The result provides the reliability of each enterprise and the combination of the best reliability of the supply chain. We attempt to provide recommendations to supply chain managers and make SCRM as a decision support method for supply chain management.
